Abstract Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the reliability and the validity of the Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition (SCREEN II) scale, which has been developed with the aim of evaluating eating and nutrition risks. Methods: a total of 207 elderly were included in the study. The Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) was applied to individuals for mental adequacy assessment and then SCREEN II scale was applied. For the selection of scale items, main components factor analysis and Varimaks conversion has been applied to the data and it has been decided to use the components which have 0.40 and bigger factor loading. Results: in accordance with the validity and reliability analyzes, it was determined that the 3 subscales and 12-item adaptation of the screen scale were suitable for Turkish society. These subscales are "Food intake and eating habits", "Conditions and difficulties affecting food intake" and "Weight change and food restriction". When the Cronbach alpha internal consistency values were evaluated for the reliability of the SCREEN II scale, the obtained values indicated that the items in each subscale were consistent with each other and formed a whole. Conclusion: the findings have shown that SCREEN II is a reliable and valid scale for the elderly people living in Turkey.

Resumen Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio es determinar la fiabilidad y la validez de la escala de evaluación de riesgos para la alimentación y la nutrición en adultos mayores en la comunidad (SCREEN II, por sus siglas en inglés), que se ha desarrollado con el objetivo de evaluar los riesgos alimentarios y nutricionales de las personas mayores. Métodos: se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 207 personas mayores. Se aplicó el SMMT (Standardized Mini-Mental Test) para la evaluación de función cognitiva y luego se aplicó la escala SCREEN II. Para la selección de ítems de la escala, se han aplicado a los datos el análisis factorial de componentes principales y la conversión de Varimaks, y se ha decidido utilizar los componentes que tienen una carga factorial de 0,40 y mayor. Resultados: el estudio mostró que las tres subescalas y la adaptación de los 12 ítems de la herramienta fueron de utilidad cuando se aplicaron a la población turca. Las tres subescalsa fueron: " ingesta de alimentos y hábitos dietéticos", "condiciones y dificultades que afectan a la ingestión de alimentos" y "cambios en el peso y restricción alimentaria". Al aplicar los valores de consistencia interna Cronbach alpha se evidenció que los ítems de cada subescala eran consistentes entre sí y constituían un todo. Conclusión: los hallazgos han demostrado que SCREEN II es una escala confiable y válida para las personas mayores que viven en Turquía.

Resumo O objetivo preliminar é correlacionar a relação entre as variáveis para determinar o efeito do comportamento do líder sobre o silêncio organizacional, do silêncio organizacional sobre o ceticismo organizacional e do ceticismo organizacional sobre o bem-estar psicológico. O estudo também visa destacar a diferença em relação a essas variáveis em dois países escolhidos como universo amostral e fazer uma análise comparativa sobre os tipos de liderança adotados pelos gestores de organizações hoteleiras nos respectivos países e a atitude dos funcionários em relação a essas organizações em que trabalham . A população da pesquisa consiste em hotéis de 4 e 5 estrelas que operam em diferentes regiões da Turquia e da Itália. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível detectar se as referidas variáveis neste estudo intercultural entre a Turquia e a Itália ofereciam alguma diferença intercultural entre os funcionários dos respetivos hotéis. Através da realização de análises comparativas, constatou-se que, exceto o silêncio organizacional, existia diferença em todas as outras variáveis. Além disso, o modelo cíclico referente às variáveis emergentes do estudo expôs uma dimensão diferente deste estudo. À luz destes resultados, são dadas sugestões com valor teórico e prático para os investigadores, bem como para os profissionais hoteleiros.

Abstract The primary objective is to correlate the relationship between the variables in order to determine the effect of leader behaviour on organisational silence, organisational silence on organisational cynicism and organisational cynicism on psychological well-being. The study also aims to foreground the difference with respect to these variables in two countries chosen as the sampling universe and draw a comparative analysis of the leadership types adopted by the manager of hospitality organisations in respective countries and personnel's attitude toward the respective hospitality organisations they work for. Research population consists of 4 and 5-star hospitality organisations operating in different centers of Turkey and Italy. Comparative analyses were conducted based on the findings of whether the said variables in this intercultural study between Turkey and Italy offered any intercultural difference among the employees in hospitality organisations. It surfaced that, except for organisational silence, there existed a difference in all other variables. Besides, cyclical model pertaining to emergent variables in the study exposed a different dimension of this study. In the light of all these findings, suggestions that could hold both theoretical and practical values for the researchers as well as practitioners were provided.

Infant walkers are still very popular even though their use might cause injuries. A survey was carried out to obtain information about attitudes and pediatricians' approach regarding the use of infant walkers. Two hundred and forty seven pediatricians who attended the 44th Turkish Congress of Pediatrics and Europediatrics (2008) were invited to reply to a questionnaire prepared by the authors. Two hundred and twenty six questionnaires replied in full were included. The median age of participants (119 women) was 39 years old (range: 29-58 years old). Out of the total, 4% recommended the use of a walker; 32.2% left the decision to parents' judgment, and 63.7% did not recommend its use. A hundred and five had previously treated an infant who had an injury associated to the use of the walker; out of them, 73.3% did not recommend its use and 57.1% stated that there should be a ban on the sale and manufacture of walkers. Conclusions. Out of the total number of surveyed pediatricians, 4% recommend the use of infant walkers and over 30% leave this decision to parents. Those pediatricians who took care of babies who had an injury associated to the use of a walker were less prone to recommending it.

Los andadores se utilizan frecuentemente a pesar de que su uso puede ocasionar lesiones. Se realizó una encuesta para obtener información sobre las actitudes y el abordaje de los pediatras respecto del uso de andadores. Se invitó a 247 pediatras que asistieron al 44° Congreso Turco de Pediatría y Europediatría (2008) a responder un cuestionario preparado por los autores. Se incluyeron en el análisis 226 cuestionarios respondidos en forma completa. La mediana de edad de los participantes (119 mujeres) fue de 39 años (29 a 58). De ellos, 4% recomendaban el uso de andadores, 32,3% dejaban la decisión a criterio de los padres y 63,7% no lo recomendaban. Ciento cinco habían tratado con anterioridad a un bebé que sufrió una lesión relacionada con el uso del andador; de ellos, 73,3% no recomendaron su uso y 57,1% opinaron que la producción y el uso de andadores deberían prohibirse. Conclusiones. El 4% de los pediatras encuestados recomiendan el uso de andadores para bebés y más del 30% dejan la decisión a los padres. Los pediatras que atendieron a un bebé que sufrió una lesión por el uso del andador fueron menos proclives a recomendarlo.

Interlabial masses of newborns are rare issues that fall into the interest of pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, urologists, dermatologists and gynecologists. The most common are the hymenal cysts and paraurethral gland cysts. Several interlabial masses, including those of embryological origin, ectopic tissue, prolapse, urological anomaly, or neoplasia, can superficially resemble simple cysts. These include prolapsed urethra, prolapsed ectopic ureterocele, prolapsed vagina or uterus, Gartner's duct cyst, hydrometrocolpos associated with an imperforate hymen and botryoid rhabomyosarcoma. The differential diagnosis is important both for treatment approach and for follow up. We present a 3- day- old baby girl patient diagnosed with hymenal cyst.

Las tumoraciones interlabiales en las recién nacidas son temas infrecuentes, de interés para pediatras, cirujanos, urólogos, dermatólogos y ginecólogos infantiles. Los quistes interlabiales neonatales más frecuentes son los quistes himeneales y los quistes glandulares parauretrales. Varias tumoraciones interlabiales, incluyendo las de origen embrionario, tejido ectópico, prolapso, anomalías urinarias o neoplasias, pueden aparentar ser simples quistes. Entre estos están el prolapso de uretra, vagina o útero, el ureterocele ectópico, el quiste del conducto de Gartner, el hidrometrocolpos asociado a himen imperforado y el rabdomiosarcoma botroide. El diagnóstico diferencial es importante tanto para el enfoque terapéutico como por el seguimiento. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 3 días de edad con diagnóstico de quiste himeneal y sus posibles diagnósticos diferenciales.

Vitamin D deficiency and rickets are major health problems in developing countries. Congenital rickets is a rare form of rickets. Maternal vitamin D deficiency is the most important risk factor for vitamin D deficiency and rickets in newborns and early infancy. In this report, we presented a two-monthold infant with seizures while hospitalized for pulmonary infection. Finally, congenital rickets due to maternal vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed.

La deficiencia de vitamina D y el raquitismo son problemas de salud importantes en los países en desarrollo. El raquitismo congénito es una forma infrecuente de raquitismo. La deficiencia materna de vitamina D es el factor de riesgo más importante para la deficiencia de vitamina D y el raquitismo en los recién nacidos y lactantes. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 2 meses de edad, con convulsiones durante su hospitalización por neumonía. Se diagnosticó raquitismo congénito asociado a deficiencia materna de vitamina D.

OBJECTIVES: The goals of the study were the following: 1) to determine the frequency of psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome in patients with asthma and 2) to compare the frequency of these disorders in patients with asthma to their frequency in healthy controls. INTRODUCTION: Patients with asthma have a higher frequency of irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We evaluated 101 patients with bronchial asthma and 67 healthy subjects. All subjects completed the brief version of the Bowel Symptoms Questionnaire and a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis disorders (SCID-I/CV). RESULTS: There were 37 cases of irritable bowel syndrome in the group of 101 stable asthma patients (36.6%) and 12 cases in the group of 67 healthy subjects (17.9%) (p = 0.009). Irritable bowel syndrome comorbidity was not related to the severity of asthma (p = 0.15). Regardless of the presence of irritable bowel syndrome, psychiatric disorders in asthma patients (52/97; 53.6%) were more common than in the control group (22/63, 34.9%) (p = 0.02). Although psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome (21/35, 60%) than in those without irritable bowel syndrome (31/62, 50%), the difference was not significant (p = 0.34). In asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders, the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was lower than it was in those with no comorbidities (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Both irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients than in healthy controls. Psychiatric disorders were more common in asthma patients with irritable bowel syndrome than in those without irritable bowel syndrome, although the differences failed to reach statistical significance. In asthma patients with IBS and psychiatric disorders, FEV1s were significantly lower than in other asthma patients. It is important for clinicians to accurately recognize that these comorbid conditions are associated with additive functional impairment.